@font-face{font-family:"CMU Serif";src:url(/fonts/cmunrm-webfont.woff) format("woff");font-weight:400;font-style:normal}.katanga-main{scroll-behavior:smooth;font-size:17px;font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;background:var(--c-white);color:var(--c-black);line-height:var(--leading-article);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}.katanga-main img{display:block;max-width:100%;height:auto}.fade-in{opacity:0;transform:translateY(12px);transition:opacity var(--t-reveal),transform var(--t-reveal)}.fade-in.visible{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}.article-header{max-width:none;margin:0;padding:2rem var(--margin-page) 2rem;text-align:center}.article-header .section-label{font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-nav);color:var(--c-label);margin-bottom:1.5rem}.article-header h1{font-size:clamp(2.2rem,5vw,3.4rem);font-weight:300;line-height:1.15;margin-bottom:calc(.5rem + 1.5cm)}.article-header .subtitle{font-size:clamp(1.1rem,2.5vw,1.5rem);font-weight:400;color:#444;margin-bottom:2.5rem}.article-header .byline{font-size:.85rem;letter-spacing:.06em;color:#888;border-top:1px solid #ddd;padding-top:1rem;display:flex;gap:2rem;flex-wrap:wrap}.abstract{grid-column:3/7;min-width:0;padding:0 0 1rem}.abstract h2{font-size:.75rem;letter-spacing:.14em;color:#888;margin-bottom:1.5rem;font-weight:400}.abstract p{margin-bottom:1.2em;font-size:1.05rem;text-align:justify}.photo-essay{padding:1rem 0 4rem}.essay-header{max-width:840px;margin:0 auto 4rem;padding:0 2rem}.essay-header h2{font-size:clamp(1.6rem,3vw,2.2rem);font-weight:400;margin-bottom:.25rem}.essay-header p{font-style:italic;color:#666;font-size:1rem}.photo-single{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;padding:2rem var(--margin-page) 4rem}.photo-single-inner{width:100%;max-width:720px;position:relative;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;user-select:none;height:calc(4 * var(--row-height))}.photo-single-inner img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:contain;display:block}.photo-single-caption{margin-top:1rem;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--c-caption);line-height:var(--leading-caption);max-width:600px}.photo-single-counter{margin-top:.75rem;font-size:var(--text-xs);letter-spacing:var(--tracking-nav);color:var(--c-label)}.photo-nav-btn{position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;background:none;border:none;padding:0}.photo-nav-btn--prev{left:0;width:25%;cursor:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='32' height='32' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath d='M 24 6 L 10 16 L 24 26' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='1.5' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") 10 16,w-resize}.photo-nav-btn--expand{left:25%;width:50%;cursor:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='32' height='32' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cline x1='0' y1='16' x2='12' y2='16' stroke='black' stroke-width='1'/%3E%3Cline x1='20' y1='16' x2='32' y2='16' stroke='black' stroke-width='1'/%3E%3Cline x1='16' y1='0' x2='16' y2='12' stroke='black' stroke-width='1'/%3E%3Cline x1='16' y1='20' x2='16' y2='32' stroke='black' stroke-width='1'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") 16 16,crosshair}.photo-nav-btn--next{right:0;width:25%;cursor:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='32' height='32' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath d='M 10 6 L 24 16 L 10 26' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='1.5' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") 24 16,e-resize}.lightbox{position:fixed;inset:0;background:var(--c-white);z-index:200;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:var(--nav-height) 10mm 4rem;overflow-y:auto}.lightbox-close{position:fixed;top:1rem;right:10mm;background:none;border:none;font-size:1rem;font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300;letter-spacing:var(--tracking-nav);cursor:pointer;color:var(--c-black);padding:0;transition:color var(--t-hover-in);z-index:201}.lightbox-close:hover{color:var(--c-hover)}.lightbox-inner{position:relative;width:100%;max-width:1200px}.lightbox-inner img{width:100%;height:calc(6 * var(--row-height));object-fit:contain;display:block}.lightbox-nav{position:absolute;top:0;height:100%;width:25%;background:none;border:none;padding:0}.lightbox-nav--prev{left:0;cursor:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='32' height='32' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath d='M 24 6 L 10 16 L 24 26' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='1.5' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") 10 16,w-resize}.lightbox-nav--next{right:0;cursor:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='32' height='32' viewBox='0 0 32 32'%3E%3Cpath d='M 10 6 L 24 16 L 10 26' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='1.5' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") 24 16,e-resize}.lightbox-caption{margin-top:1rem;font-size:var(--text-xs);color:var(--c-caption);line-height:var(--leading-caption);max-width:640px}.spread{display:flex;align-items:center;padding:3rem 0;gap:0}.spread--caption-left{flex-direction:row}.spread--caption-right{flex-direction:row-reverse}.spread-caption{flex:0 0 30%;padding:2rem 3rem;font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.65;color:#333}.spread-image{flex:0 0 70%}.spread-image .katanga-main img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.photo-essay .spread-image img{max-height:75vh;width:100%;object-fit:cover}.spread--half .spread-image{flex:0 0 35%}.spread--no-crop .spread-image img{max-height:none;object-fit:contain;width:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto}.spread--triple .spread-image{flex:0 0 70%;display:flex;gap:0}.spread--triple .spread-image .katanga-main img{flex:1 1;object-fit:cover;height:320px}.spread--double .spread-image{flex:0 0 70%;display:flex;gap:0}.spread--double .spread-image .katanga-main img{flex:1 1;object-fit:cover;height:400px}.spread--fullbleed{position:relative;padding:0;border-top:none;display:block;margin:2rem 0}.spread--fullbleed .katanga-main img{width:100%;height:85vh;object-fit:cover;object-position:center;display:block}.spread--fullbleed .fullbleed-caption{position:absolute;top:2.5rem;left:3rem;max-width:560px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.65;font-weight:400}.spread--fullbleed.accent-magenta .fullbleed-caption{color:#c8102e}.spread--fullbleed.accent-white .fullbleed-caption{color:#fff}.fullbleed-caption em,.spread-caption em{font-style:italic}.chapter-section{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(8,1fr);grid-column-gap:var(--col-gutter);column-gap:var(--col-gutter);align-items:start;max-width:none;margin:0 0 calc(4cm + 2in);padding:5rem var(--margin-page) 0}.chapter-section>h2{grid-column:3/7;grid-row:1;margin-bottom:2rem;text-align:center}#chapter-3 .chapter-right,#introduction .chapter-right{padding-top:51px}.chapter-left{grid-column:1/3;grid-row:2;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2rem}.chapter-right{grid-column:3/7;grid-row:2;min-width:0}.chapter-section .chapter-number{font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.18em;color:#000;margin-bottom:.6rem;font-weight:400}.chapter-section h2{font-size:34px;font-weight:300;font-family:"CMU Serif",Georgia,serif;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:.4rem;margin-top:0}.chapter-section .chapter-subtitle{font-size:1rem;font-style:italic;color:#666;margin-bottom:3rem}.chapter-section .epigraph{padding:.5rem 0 .5rem 1.5rem;margin:2rem 0 3rem;font-style:italic;color:#555}.chapter-section .epigraph cite{display:block;font-style:normal;font-size:.85rem;color:#888;margin-top:.5rem}.chapter-section p{margin-bottom:1.4em;-webkit-hyphens:auto;hyphens:auto}.chapter-section h3{font-size:1rem;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:.08em;color:#888;margin:3rem 0 1.2rem}.chapter-section em{font-style:italic}.chapter-section figure{width:50%;margin:0}.fig-clickable{cursor:zoom-in}.fig-offset-group{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2rem;margin-top:12rem}.chapter-section figure img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.chapter-section figcaption{font-size:.78rem;color:#666;text-align:left;margin-top:.6rem;line-height:1.5}.footnotes{margin-top:3rem;padding-top:1.5rem}.footnotes ol{padding-left:1.4rem}.footnotes li{font-size:.82rem;color:#555;margin-bottom:.6em;line-height:1.55}.katanga-main sup a{color:var(--c-research-red);text-decoration:none;font-size:.72em;vertical-align:super;line-height:0}.katanga-main sup a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.bibliography-section{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(8,1fr);grid-column-gap:var(--col-gutter);column-gap:var(--col-gutter);align-items:start;max-width:none;margin:0;padding:5rem var(--margin-page) 6rem}.bibliography-section h2{grid-column:1/9;font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:700;font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.12em;color:#888;margin-bottom:2.5rem}.bibliography-section ol{list-style:none;padding:0}.bibliography-col-1{grid-column:1/4}.bibliography-col-2{grid-column:4/7}.bibliography-section li{font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.65;color:#333;padding-bottom:.9em}footer{text-align:center;padding:3rem 2rem;font-size:.78rem;color:#aaa;letter-spacing:.06em;border-top:1px solid #e0e0e0}.intro-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(8,1fr);grid-column-gap:var(--col-gutter);column-gap:var(--col-gutter);align-items:start;padding:0 var(--margin-page) 4rem}.toc-section{grid-column:1/3;padding:0;font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:300}.toc-section table{border-collapse:collapse;min-width:360px}.toc-section td{padding:.38rem 0;vertical-align:top;line-height:1.5}.toc-section td:first-child{font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.1em;color:#aaa;padding-right:2rem;white-space:nowrap;padding-top:.46rem}.toc-section td:last-child{font-size:.88rem;color:#222}.toc-section a{text-decoration:none;color:inherit;transition:color .2s ease}.toc-section a:hover{color:#aaa}@media (max-width:900px){.nav-links{display:none}.spread,.spread--caption-left,.spread--caption-right{flex-direction:column!important}.spread-caption{padding:1.5rem 1.5rem .5rem}.spread-caption,.spread-image{flex:none;width:100%}.spread--double .spread-image,.spread--triple .spread-image{flex-direction:column}.spread--double .spread-image .katanga-main img,.spread--triple .spread-image img{height:auto;width:100%}.spread--fullbleed .katanga-main img{height:60vh}.spread--fullbleed .fullbleed-caption{left:1.5rem;right:1.5rem;max-width:none;font-size:.92rem}}.back-to-top{position:fixed;bottom:2rem;left:2rem;background:none;border:none;padding:0;cursor:pointer;font-family:Helvetica Neue,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:.72rem;color:#aaa;letter-spacing:.02em;transition:color .2s ease;display:block}.back-to-top:hover{color:#555}@media (max-width:600px){.back-to-top{display:none}.katanga-main{font-size:16px}.article-header{padding:3rem 1.25rem 2rem}.photo-grid{gap:.5cm}.photo-grid-item{height:130px}.intro-row{display:block;padding:0 1.25rem 3rem}.toc-section{grid-column:auto;margin-bottom:2rem}.toc-section table{min-width:0;width:100%}.abstract{grid-column:auto;padding:0}.chapter-section{display:block;padding:3rem 1.25rem 2.5rem}.chapter-left,.chapter-right{grid-column:auto}.chapter-section figure{width:100%;margin:1.5rem 0}.chapter-section h2{margin-top:2rem}.bibliography-section{display:block;padding:3rem 1.25rem 4rem}.bibliography-col-1,.bibliography-col-2{grid-column:auto;margin-bottom:2rem}.essay-header{padding:0 1.25rem}.spread-caption{padding:1.25rem 1.25rem .5rem}.spread--fullbleed .katanga-main img{height:50vh}.spread--fullbleed .fullbleed-caption{top:1.25rem;left:1.25rem;right:1.25rem}}